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                                                 ORDINANCE NO. 18-1-__ 

AN ORDINANCE AMENDING AND RESTATING CHAPTER 6 OF TITLE 9  

OF THE RIVERWOODS VILLAGE CODE  

           WHEREAS, the Village of Riverwoods (the “Village”) is a home rule municipality in 

accordance with the Constitution of the State of Illinois of 1970; and 

           WHEREAS, the Village has the authority to adopt ordinances and to promulgate 

rules and regulations that pertain to its government and affairs that protect the health, 

safety and welfare of its citizens; and 

           WHEREAS, the President and Board of Trustees of the Village adopted Ordinance 

Nos. 06-3-7, 04-9-9 and 12-1-1, which were codified in the Riverwoods Village Code as 

the Riverwoods Tree Preservation Ordinance; and 

           WHEREAS, the President and Board of Trustees of the Village adopted Ordinance 

No.  05-2-2,  which  was  codified  in  the  Riverwoods  Village  Code  as  the  Riverwoods 

Woodland Protection Ordinance; and 

           WHEREAS, the Plan Commission of the Village held a public hearing on January 

11, 2017, to consider amending the text of the Riverwoods Zoning Ordinance by adopting 

the provisions set forth below, and such hearing was held in all respects in accordance 

with law, after which the Plan Commission has transmitted its report to the President and 

Board of Trustees recommending the adoption of the text amendment; and  

           WHEREAS, the President and Board of Trustees of the Village find that adopting 

the text amendment as provided below will establish a comprehensive program for native 

tree  protection  and  protection  of  native  woodlands  in  the  Village  and  facilitate  the 

development  of  ecological  mitigation  plans  that  can  be  implemented  more  effectively 

throughout the Village and find that the adoption of the text amendment would protect the 

health, safety and welfare of the citizens of the Village. 

           NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT ORDAINED BY THE PRESIDENT AND BOARD OF 

TRUSTEES OF THE VILLAGE OF RIVERWOODS, as follows: 

              SECTION ONE:       The statements and findings contained in the preamble to this 

Ordinance  are  found  to  be  true  and  correct,  and  are  hereby  adopted  as  part  of  this 

ordinance.  This Ordinance is adopted pursuant to the home rule powers of the Village.  

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SECTION TWO:      The  provisions  of  Chapter  6  of  Title  9  of  the  Riverwoods 

Village Code are hereby amended and restated in their entirety as follows: 

CHAPTER 6 

TREE AND WOODLAND PROTECTION ORDINANCE 

SECTION 

9-6-1:            Title 

9-6-2:            Findings of the Board of Trustees 

9-6-3:            Authority 

9-6-4:            Intent and Purpose 

9-6-5:             Definitions  

9-6-6:             Tree Removal Permit Required 

9-6-7:            Tree Emergencies 

9-6-8:             Elective or Unpermitted Tree Removal  

9-6-9:            Adoption of Woodland Delineation Parcel Maps 

9-6-10:          Limitations on Removal of Protected Woodland  

9-6-11:          Woodland Removal Permit Required 

9-6-12:          Ecological Mitigation Plans  

9-6-13:          Appeals 

9-6-14:          Penalties 

9-6-15:          Conflict with Other Zoning Provisions 

9-6-1:            TITLE:   This chapter 6 of title 9 shall be known, cited and referred 

to as the Riverwoods Tree and Woodland Protection Ordinance. 

9-6-2:            FINDINGS OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES:   The findings of the 

Board of Trustees adopted in Ordinance No. 05-2-2, on February 1, 2005, are re-

stated as subsections A through D below, and the Board of Trustees further adopts 

the findings in subsections E, F and G below.  

A.       The  Plan  Commission  of  the  Village  of  Riverwoods  on  June  3,  2004 

conducted  a  public  hearing  on  the  question  of  adopting  a  zoning  text 

amendment  under  the  Riverwoods  Zoning  Ordinance  for  the  purpose  of 

protecting  woodlands,  and  submitted  its  report  to  the  Board  of  Trustees 

recommending  that  a  woodland  protection  ordinance  be  considered  to 

protect woodland areas in the village. 

B.       The Board of Trustees conducted a public hearing and town meeting on 

December 7, 2004, and received testimony at that time from the Mr. Charles 

Stewart, President, Urban Forest Management, Inc., who served as village 

forester beginning in 1976; Dr. George Ware, Ph.D., Dendrologist Emeritus 

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at the Morton Arboretum; Mr. Steve Swanson, Director of the Kennecott 

Grove National Historic Area in Glenview, Illinois; Mr. Mark O’Leary, M.S., 

Senior  Ecologist  with  Applied  Ecological  Services,  Inc.,  an  ecological 

consulting, contracting and restoration firm; and Mr. Patrick Glenn, P.E., 

Gewalt Hamilton Associates, Inc., the engineering firm serving as village 

engineer (“GHA”). At such town meeting, GHA presented its report entitled 

“Report    on    Woodland/Turfgrass    Hydrology,    Using    NRCC    TR-55 

Hydrological Methods”, dated December 2004, prepared by GHA (the “GHA 

Report”). 

C.       The urban forest research unit of the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern 

Research  Station  in  Syracuse,  New  York,  was  established  in  1978,  to 

investigate the effects of urban forests and their management on human 

health and environmental quality, and it has developed The Urban Forest 

Effects (UFORE) model, which model is used to quantify the following: 

•    Urban  forest  structure  by  land  use  type  (e.g.,  species  composition,  tree 

density, tree health, leaf area, leaf and tree biomass, species diversity, etc.); 

•    Hourly amount of pollution removed by the urban forest, and its associated 

percent  air  quality  improvement  throughout  a  year.  Pollution  removal  is 

calculated for ozone, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and 

particulate matter (<10 microns); 

•    Hourly urban forest volatile organic compound emissions and the relative 

impact  of  tree  species  on  net  ozone  and  carbon  monoxide  formation 

throughout the year; 

•    Total  carbon  stored  and  net  carbon  annually  sequestered  by  the  urban 

forest; 

•    Effects of trees on building energy use and consequent effects on carbon 

dioxide emissions from power plants; 

•    Compensatory  value  of  the  forest,  as  well  as  the  value  of  air  pollution 

removal and carbon storage and sequestration; 

•    Tree pollen allergenicity index; 

•    Potential impact of Gypsy moth and Asian longhorned beetle infestation; 

           •    Tree Transpiration. 

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           The urban forest research unit of the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern 

Research Station in Syracuse, New York, has modeled numerous cities in 

the United States and published its results quantifying the direct, favorable 

ecological and financial benefits of maintaining urban forests. 

D.       After reviewing the expert testimony and reports presented to the Board of 

Trustees  and  the  published  research  available  to  quantify  the  economic 

benefits of urban forests, the Board of Trustees adopts the following findings 

as the basis for adoption of the Riverwoods Woodland Protection Ordinance 

and intends that the ordinance be interpreted in the light of such findings: 

1.        Approximately 90% of the areas within the village’s R1, R2 and R3 

single  family  residential  zoning  districts  (excluding  subdivisions 

developed  as  planned  unit  developments)  are  located  within  the 

mixed-hardwood   forest   and   woodland   landscape   that   is   the 

characteristic natural ecological system in the village.  

2.        In  the  village’s  woodland  ecosystem,  the  canopy,  understory  and 

ground plane (herbaceous) levels each have characteristic species.  

3.        The   natural   woodland   ecology   in   the   village   is   modified   and 

pressured by human activity and development, the presence of deer 

herds, in particular, and other wildlife and insect populations, and the 

proliferation of non-native, invasive species, such as buckthorn and 

garlic  mustard.  Human  activity  in  the  form  of  replacing  native 

understory and ground plane plants with turfgrass is also a negative 

factor in the maintenance of healthy woodlands because each of the 

three native components of the woodlands – the canopy, understory 

and ground plane – is necessary for the continued regeneration of 

native trees and plants. 

4.        Since 1976, the village’s woodlands have diminished in quantity and 

in  the  quality  of  the  plant  community  as  a  result  of  the  pressure 

factors that are described above. As a result, the village’s woodlands 

have become more fragmented and have suffered a loss in the ability 

to regenerate the more desirable species of trees and plants of the 

native landscape. 

5.        For  the  natural  woodland  ecology  in  the  village  to  remain  self-

sustaining, it is necessary to take steps to reduce the further loss and 

fragmentation  of  woodland  areas  resulting  from  human  activity  in 

order that the woodland trees and plants can more readily resist the 

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pressure factors resulting from non-human factors. 

6.        The village should continue to monitor the work of the Lake County 

Forest Preserve District in maintaining the deer population at a level 

that  can  be  supported  by  the  environment;  the  village  should 

continue  to  work  with  other  governmental  units  to  minimize  and 

control  infestations  of  gypsy  moth,  Asian  longhorned  beetles  and 

similar pests; and the village should continue to support woodland 

restoration  by  educational  efforts  and  by  providing  assistance  to 

residents seeking to eliminate non-native, invasive species from their 

properties.   The   actions   referred   to   in   this   section   should   be 

coordinated  with  the  provisions  in  this  ordinance  regulating  the 

removal of native trees and woodlands to establish the best possible 

conditions for the health of the woodlands.  

7.        The woodlands in the village, as demonstrated in the GHA Report, 

significantly  reduce  the  volume  and  rate  of  stormwater  runoff 

produced  under   various   land   use   conditions   in   the   village   in 

comparison to the volume and rate of stormwater runoff in turfgrass 

lawn  areas.  The  GHA  Report  is  incorporated  in  the  Tree  and 

Woodland Protection Ordinance as if fully set forth herein. Lessening 

the  removal  of  herbaceous  plants  and  understory  trees  and  the 

substitution of turfgrass in place thereof will reduce stormwater runoff 

and lessen the severity of local flooding in the village. 

8.        The maintenance of a healthy woodland environment in the village 

provides the following benefits: shade and cooling; control of erosion; 

filtering of water pollutants from stormwater; recharging of aquifers 

used   by   residents   for   drinking   water;   replenishment   of   the 

groundwater table; maintenance of flows into wetlands and streams; 

cleansing  of  air  of  pollutants;  mitigation  of  global  warming  by 

absorbing greenhouse gases; and promotion of a biologically diverse 

community of micro-organisms, plants and animals, protecting some 

species from extinction while preserving genetic diversity. The Urban 

Forest  Effects  (UFORE)  model  developed  by  the  urban  forest 

research unit of the USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Research 

Station in Syracuse, New York, has been used to quantify the dollar 

benefits of urban forests, and such models indicate that there is a 

significant  quantifiable  benefit  from  woodlands  in  respect  of  the 

benefits described above,  and  such findings  demonstrate  that  the 

village’s urban forest cover produces significant quantifiable benefits. 

9.        The regulations proposed in this ordinance, in the severest case of 

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applicability, nevertheless will allow for a building envelope which is 

sufficient  for  the  construction  of  a  main  dwelling  and  multiple 

combinations  of  accessory  uses  (such  as  a  tennis  court  and 

swimming pool and an accessory building) that, in size and extent, 

would  be  comparable  to  intensely  developed,  existing  residential 

properties  in the  village  except  in the  degree  to  which  woodlands 

have  been  removed.  The  protection  of  woodlands  will  promote 

higher  property  values  for  woodland  areas  in  the  village.  The 

regulations proposed in this ordinance will not unreasonably restrict 

development nor constitute an arbitrary and capricious exercise of 

municipal powers. 

10.      The preservation of woodland areas in the village will provide many 

essential benefits to the community as a whole, as described in the 

foregoing  sections,  and,  accordingly,  the  adoption  of  a  long-term 

policy  of  preserving  woodland  areas  is  necessary  to  safeguard, 

protect and promote the health, safety and welfare of the current and 

future inhabitants of the village and surrounding areas.  

E.       The  protection  of  native  woodland  areas  depends  especially  on  the 

adoption of a long-term policy of promoting the regeneration of desirable 

native trees, shrubs, and ground layer which are the key components of the 

native woodland plant communities once prevalent throughout the village. 

In particular, the preservation and regeneration of the native trees in the 

village  will  promote  the  repair  of  ecologically  disturbed  areas  and  the 

gradual restoration of these areas. The adoption of these regulations, while 

still allowing for the reasonable improvement of land within the village, is 

intended to accomplish, where possible, the following specific objectives:  

1.        To protect native trees, shrubs, and ground layer as an important 

public resource enhancing the quality of life and the general welfare 

of  the  village  and  enhancing  its  unique  character  and  physical, 

historical, and aesthetic environment;  

2.        To protect, maintain, and enhance the ecological quality and long-

term  viability  of  native  woodlands  and  the  essential  character  of 

those areas throughout the community;  

3.        To enhance and preserve the air quality of the village through the 

filtering effect of trees on air pollutants;  

4.        To reduce noise within the village through the baffle and barrier effect 

of trees on the spread of noise;  

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5.        To  reduce  topsoil  erosion  through  the  soil  retention  effect  of  tree 

roots;  

6.        To reduce energy consumption through the wind break and shade 

effects of trees when they are properly preserved on the lot;  

7.        To preserve and enhance nesting areas for birds and other wildlife 

which in turn assist in the control of insects;  

8.        To reduce storm water runoff and the costs associated therewith and 

replenish ground water supplies; and  

9.        To protect and increase property values.  

F.        Applied Ecological Services, Inc. (AES), as village ecologist, has advised 

the village on the general location of woodland communities. In 2015-2016, 

the village ecologist conducted various types of inventories of the vegetation 

communities within the village to map vegetation community boundaries, 

such as woodlands (mesic savanna, northern flatwoods, mesic woodland, 

dry-mesic   woodland,   and   floodplain   forest),   wet   prairie   and   marsh 

complexes.  

1.      The   village   ecologist   has   prepared   a   report   dated   May   2016, 

summarizing  these  inventories,  the  historic  and  current  ecological 

conditions of each vegetation community and to the extent possible, 

floristic  quality  of  these  areas,  and  developed  a  summary  of 

recommended  management  tasks  for  managing  the  vegetation 

communities  imperiled  by  various  ecological  and  human  induced 

factors (the “Natural Community and Green Infrastructure Report”).  

2.        The village has adopted voluntary ecological cost-share programs 

whereby the stewardship and management activities of residents in 

woodland areas are eligible to be partially reimbursed by the village 

in furtherance of the recommended goals set forth described in the 

Natural Community and Green Infrastructure Report.  

G.       The village caused multi-spectral aerial imaging of the entire village to be 

performed  on  April  8,  2017,  in  accordance  with  technical  specifications 

commonly relied upon by by restoration ecologists. The village ecologist 

applied such imaging to delineate the boundaries of protected woodlands 

on parcels throughout the village and to generate an individual woodland 

delineation parcel map for each parcel, each dated April 8, 2017, indicating 

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the  parcel  acreage,  woodland  acreage,  and  percent  woodland  cover  for 

such parcel (a “woodland delineation parcel map”).  

9-6-3:            AUTHORITY:   This chapter is adopted under authority vested in the 

village by and pursuant to its home rule powers and other applicable laws of the 

State of Illinois.  

9-6-4:            INTENT AND PURPOSE: The purpose of the Tree and Woodland 

Protection  Ordinance  is  to  protect  desirable native  trees  and  native  woodlands 

within the village by regulating and limiting the removal of desirable native trees 

and native woodlands in order to safeguard their benefits for this and succeeding 

generations. The protection and regeneration of the desirable native trees shrubs, 

and ground layer that belong to and support these woodland plant communities 

will promote the repair of ecologically disturbed areas and the gradual restoration 

of the native woodland plant communities once prevalent throughout the village. 

Therefore, a further objective of the Tree and Woodland Protection Ordinance is 

to protect and regenerate desirable native trees, shrubs, and ground layer to the 

greatest extent possible, while still allowing for the reasonable improvement of land 

within the village. 

9-6-5: DEFINITIONS:   The following words and phrases shall have the meanings 

set  forth  below  when  used  in  this  chapter.  In  administering  or  enforcing  the 

provisions  of  this  chapter,  the  village  may  call  on  the  services  of  the  village 

ecologist and/or village forester, and any reference in this chapter to one shall be 

deemed to include the other. 

CONDITION  RATING  (for  TREES):  An  evaluation  of  tree  health  and  structural 

issues, with condition rating 1 being the highest rating, and condition rating 6 being 

the lowest rating of tree health and structure. The characteristics of trees having 

condition ratings 1-6 are summarized below. 

Condition 1:        Excellent - the tree is typical of the species, has less than 

10% deadwood in the crown that is attributable to normal 

causes, has no other observed problems, and requires no 

remedial action. 

Condition 2:        Good - the tree is typical of the species and/or has less 

than 20% deadwood in the crown, only one or two minor 

problems that are easily corrected with normal care.  

Condition 3:        Fair - the tree is typical of the species and/or has less than 

30% deadwood in the crown, one or two minor problems 

that are not eminently lethal to the tree, and no significant 

decay  or  structural  problems,  but  the  tree  may  need 

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remedial  care  in  order  to  minimize  the  impact  of  future 

stress and to ensure continued health. 

Condition 4:        Average - the tree is typical of the species but has some 

problems such as 30% to 50% deadwood in the crown, 

decay  or  structural  defects,  insects,  disease  or  other 

problems that can be eminently lethal to the tree or create 

a hazardous tree if not corrected in a short period of time 

or if the tree is subjected to additional stress. 

Condition 5:        Poor - the tree is not typical of the species and/or has over 

50%  deadwood  in  the  crown,  major  decay  or  structural 

problems,   is   hazardous   or   is   severely   involved   with 

insects,   disease,   or   other   problems,   that   even   if 

aggressively corrected, would not result in the long-term 

survival of the tree. 

Condition 6:        Dead – less than 10% of the tree shows signs of life. 

CRITICAL  ROOT  ZONE:  The  area  inscribed  by  a  circular  line  on  the  ground 

beneath a tree having as its center point the center of the trunk of the tree and a 

radius equal to one foot (1') for every inch of Diameter at Breast Height (DBH). 

DAMAGE: The taking of any direct or indirect action that causes, or is reasonably 

likely to cause, the death of a tree or a significant loss of a tree's structural integrity 

including, without limitation, destruction, poisoning, carving, mutilating, girdling, 

severing the main trunk, leader, or large branches or roots, removing any portion 

of the bark from the main trunk, leader, or large branches, touching with live wires, 

crushing or exposing the roots, digging or drilling any hole or trench within the 

critical root zone, filling with soil or other materials within the critical root zone, 

compacting a substantial portion of the soil in the critical root zone, or moving a 

tree to another location. Without limiting the foregoing, "damage" does not include 

the pruning of trees in accordance with "Standard Practices For Tree, Shrub, And 

Other Woody  Plant  Maintenance"  (ANSI  A300)  and  "Tree-Pruning  Guidelines" 

published by the International Society of Arboriculture or similar standards and 

guidelines from time to time recommended for residents of the village by the village 

forester or village ecologist. Damage does include and is deemed to occur when 

more than 20% of the critical root zone of any tree is damaged or removed or 

when more than 20% of the critical root zone of any tree is covered by three (3) 

inches or more of mulch or fill. 

DESIRABLE PROTECTED TREE: Any native tree located in the village having a 

primary stem or trunk that is at least one and one-half inches (1.5") DBH or greater 

or multi-stemmed variation of the tree species and that is at least six feet (6’) tall, 

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a condition rating of 1, 2, 3 or 4, and being one of the following species listed in 

the table below. For the table below, small multi-stemmed trees will be considered 

to have a three-inch (3”) DBH.  

Desirable Protected Trees 

Scientific Name                     Common Name                     Classification 

Acer saccharum (≥ 15” DBH only)      Sugar maple (≥ 15” DBH only)                    Canopy Tree 

Aesculus glabra                            Ohio Buckeye                          Subcanopy Tree 

Amelanchier sp.                      Serviceberry species                    Subcanopy Tree 

Betula sp.                                 Birch species                          Subcanopy Tree 

Cephalanthus occidentalis                      Buttonbush                            Understory Tree 

Cercis Canadensis                              Redbud                              Subcanopy Tree 

Cornus stolonifera                      Redosier Dogwood             Multi-Stem Understory Tree 

Cornus alternifolia                       Pagoda Dogwood                      Subcanopy Tree 

Corylus americana                        American Hazel               Multi-Stem Understory Tree 

Crataegus sp.                          Hawthorn species                      Subcanopy Tree 

Euonymus atropurpureus                   Eastern Wahoo                        Subcanopy Tree 

Ilex verticillate                           Winterberry Holly              Multi-Stem Understory Tree 

Juglans nigra                               Black Walnut                             Canopy Tree 

Linden benzoin                               Spicebush                    Multi-Stem Understory Tree 

Pinus strobus                         Eastern White Pine                        Canopy Tree 

Prunus virginiana                            Chokecherry                 Multi-Stem Understory Shrub 

Sambucus canadensis                         Elderberry                   Multi-Stem Understory Shrub 

Stapylea trifolia                               Bladdernut                  Multi-Stem Understory Shrub 

*Viburnum sp.                          Viburnum species             Multi-Stem Understory Shrub 

Tilia americana (≥15” DBH only)     Basswood (≥15” DBH only)               Subcanopy Tree 

*Does not include Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw Viburnum). 

DIAMETER BREAST HEIGHT (“DBH”):  The  diameter  of  the  trunk  of  a  tree 

measured in inches, at a point four and one-half feet above the existing grade at 

the base of the tree. DBH is a commonly accepted standard used by arborists to 

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measure the size of trees. 

ECOLOGICAL  COST  SHARE  PROGRAMS:  The  programs  from  time  to  time 

authorized by the village to further the ecological management and stewardship of 

native woodlands by village residents.  

ECOLOGICAL  MITIGATION  PLAN:  A  legally  enforceable  plan  and  agreement 

between  an  owner  and  the  village,  under  which  the  owner  agrees  to  perform 

ecological restoration in the form of various ecological management strategies that 

are intended to establish, protect, or enhance native woodlands and other areas 

located  on  such  owner’s  parcel,  as  specified  in  the  mitigation  plan  document 

prepared by the village ecologist. 

HIGHLY DESIRABLE PROTECTED TREE: Any native tree located in the village 

having a primary stem or trunk that is at least one and one-half inches (1.5") DBH 

or greater or multi-stemmed variation of the tree species and that is at least six 

feet (6’) tall, a condition rating of 1, 2, 3 or 4, and being one of the species listed in 

the table below. For the table below, small multi-stemmed trees will be considered 

to have a three-inch (3”) DBH.  

Highly Desirable Protected Trees 

Scientific Name                     Common Name                     Classification 

Acer rubrum                             Red Maple                           Canopy Tree 

Carya sp.                           Hickory species                       Canopy Tree 

Carpinus caroliniana           Blue Beech/Musclewood             Subcanopy Tree 

Celtis occidentalis                 Common Hackberry                    Canopy Tree 

Hamamelis virginiana              Common Witchhazel                Subcanopy Tree 

Ostrya virginiana                           Ironwood                         Subcanopy Tree 

Platanus occidentalis              American Sycamore                   Canopy Tree 

Quercus sp.                            Oak species                          Canopy Tree 

Virbunum prunifolium               Blackhaw Viburnum                 Subcanopy Tree 

NATIVE TREE: For purposes of this ordinance, any tree in the village that is either 

a desirable protected tree or a highly desirable protected tree indigenous to the 

area and important to woodland community in which they are found. 

NATIVE WOODLANDS: Areas in the village consisting of one or more woodland 

plant communities, transitioning (west to east) from floodplain woodland near the 

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Des Plaines River to mesic woodland, dry-mesic woodland, then savanna, with 

northern flatwoods scattered throughout and populated by native trees and having 

a minimum area of 400 square feet, consisting of at least a canopy layer comprised 

of native tree species and natural/unmaintained ground (herbaceous) layer that 

allows  for  the  regeneration  and  sustainability  of  the  woodland  over  time.  For 

purposes  of  this  ordinance,  northern  flatwoods  and  savanna  are  considered 

woodland communities. 

OWNER:  The person or entity legally or beneficially owing real estate in the village 

undertaking any actions with respect to regulated trees on such real estate which 

are  regulated  by  the  provisions  of  this  chapter.  Any  reference  to  owner  in  this 

chapter  includes  the  family  members,  guests,  tenants,  licensees,  contractors, 

agents,  officers,  directors,  shareholders  and  employees  of  the  person  or  entity 

legally or beneficially owing the real estate in question under the provisions of this 

chapter. 

PROTECTED WOODLAND:  The area  of  native  woodland  determined for  each 

parcel in the village shown on the woodland delineation parcel map for such parcel, 

which area may be expressed as a percentage of the total land area of such parcel, 

but subject to adjustment in accordance with Section 9-6-10 below. For any parcel, 

the  protected  woodland,  subject  to  such  adjustment,  is  the  amount  of  native 

woodland on such parcel documented as of April 8, 2017. 

REGULATED TREE: Any tree located in the village, together with its root system, 

having a primary stem or trunk that is at least one and one-half inches (1.5") DBH 

or greater or multi-stemmed variation of the tree species and that is at least six 

feet (6’) tall.  

REMOVE  OR  REMOVAL  (with  respect  to  Regulated  Trees):  The  physical 

detachment  or  elimination  of  a  regulated  tree,  or  the  effective  detachment  or 

elimination of a regulated tree, through damage, cutting of major vegetation to the 

ground,  complete  extraction  or  killing  by  spraying,  girdling,  root  cutting,  or 

otherwise  (but  not  the  proper  pruning  of  trees  in  accordance  with  "Standard 

Practices For Tree, Shrub, And Other Woody Plant Maintenance" (ANSI A300) and 

"Tree-Pruning Guidelines" published by the International Society of Arboriculture 

or similar standards).  

REMOVE  OR  REMOVAL  (with  respect  to  Protected Woodlands):  The  removal 

and/or replacement of protected woodland on a parcel, that consists of physically 

clearing  or  otherwise  removing  or  replacing  any  of  the  layers  (ground,  shrub, 

subcanopy and canopy) of the protected woodland by mowing, mulching, cutting, 

tilling or planting turf grass, or planting non-native or invasive trees, shrubs, or 

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ground   layer   vegetation   that   effectively   replaces   any   woodland   layer.   For 

avoidance  of  doubt,  the  removal  of  any  canopy,  subcanopy,  or  shrub  layer  of 

protected  woodland  may  also  constitute  the  removal  of  regulated  trees.  The 

planting of non-aggressive flowers and similar gardening activities in the protected 

woodlands that are of limited scope and do not harm the survival and regeneration 

of protected woodlands are not considered removal.  

TREE EMERGENCY: The existence of any tree within the village that has become 

an immediate danger or hazard to persons or property as a result of any tornado, 

windstorm, flood, freeze, or other natural disaster. 

TREE  MITIGATION  FEE:  The  fee  to  be  paid  by  an  owner  for  the  removal  of 

desirable  or  highly  desirable  protected  trees,  to  the  extent  the  provisions  of  this 

chapter require the payment of such fee, in the amount set forth in the village fee 

schedule. 

TREE REMOVAL PERMIT APPLICATION: The application (including fee, if any) 

required for issuance of a tree removal permit pursuant to this chapter. 

TREE REMOVAL PERMIT: The written permit issued by the village to authorize 

the removal of regulated tree(s) pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. 

VILLAGE ECOLOGIST: The employee or consultant of the village who is a trained 

restoration ecologist and is designated to act as village ecologist. 

VILLAGE FEE SCHEDULE: The fee schedule adopted pursuant to Section 1-11-

5 of this code. 

VILLAGE FORESTER: The employee or consultant of the village who is a trained 

forester/arborist and is designated to act as village forester. 

WOODLAND DELINEATION PARCEL MAP: As defined in Section 9-6-2-G. 

WOODLAND REMOVAL PERMIT APPLICATION: The application (including fee, 

if any) required for issuance of a woodland removal permit pursuant to this chapter. 

WOODLAND  REMOVAL  PERMIT:  The  written  permit  issued  by  the  village  to 

authorize  the  removal  of  protected  woodland  pursuant  to  the  provisions  of  this 

chapter. 

9-6-6:     TREE REMOVAL PERMIT REQUIRED:    

              A.       Except for tree emergencies, it shall be unlawful for any owner without a 

tree removal permit from the village to damage or remove any regulated 

tree. Any owner is responsible for the damage or removal of the regulated 

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14 

tree on such owner’s property when the damage or removal was performed 

or caused by another person acting with the permission of such owner.  

           B.       Any owner who damages or removes one or more regulated trees without 

a  tree  removal  permit  shall  be  required  to  apply  retroactively  for  a  tree 

removal permit. If more than 20% of the critical root zone of any regulated 

tree will be damaged or removed as result of proposed construction on an 

owner’s property, then notwithstanding the intent of the owner to preserve 

such regulated tree, the loss of such regulated tree shall be assumed and 

an application for tree removal permit required in such instance.  

           C.       An owner applying for a permit to remove protected woodland under this 

chapter shall apply for a tree removal permit with respect to any regulated 

trees to be removed from the protected woodland.  

           D.       If  an  owner  seeks  a  tree  removal  permit,  the  application  for  such  tree 

removal permit shall contain:  

1.        Name and address of the owner;  

2.        Commonly  known  address  of  the  owner’s  property  where  the 

removal shall occur; 

3.        Name and address of the contractor or other person who is proposed 

as having responsibility for tree removal; 

4.        A hand drawn map indicating the location of each tree proposed for 

removal;  

5.        A  general  description  of  all  trees  to  be  removed,  including  tree 

number, species, size (DBH), condition, and reason for removal;  

6.        In  cases  when  a  Site  Development  Permit  is  required,  a  site 

development   plan   sheet   entitled   “Woodland/Tree   Protection   & 

Landscaping Plan” containing all or a portion of such details as may 

be  specified  or  required  for  such  plans  under  the  Riverwoods 

Development Ordinance, if requested by the village ecologist/forester 

to  allow  full  and  fair  consideration  of  the  tree  removal  permit 

application; 

7.        If required, a tree survey of all regulated trees (except buckthorn and 

honeysuckle) 1.5” to 6” DBH extending a minimum of 20 feet beyond 

the construction limits and all 6” DBH and greater regulated trees 

extending a minimum of 40 feet beyond the construction limits and 

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15 

overlaid directly upon the woodland/tree protection and landscaping 

plans  contained  in  the  site  development  plan,  showing  the  tag 

number, species, size (DBH), condition and percent of critical root 

zone permanently impacted of all regulated trees. The survey shall 

distinguish among trees to be preserved, root pruned, transplanted, 

or removed. The owner may exclude areas of the site or trees under 

6”   DBH   from   the   tree   survey,   if   the   village   ecologist/forester 

determines that the proposed construction or other activity will not 

impact those areas; 

8.        Such other data and information as the village shall deem necessary 

to  allow  full  and  fair  consideration  of  the  tree  removal  permit 

application; and 

           E.       Upon    receipt    of    a    tree    removal    permit    application,    the    village 

ecologist/forester  shall  inspect  the  owner’s  property  and  contiguous  and 

adjoining lots in order to evaluate the application, including finding whether 

any of the trees requested for removal are located in a protected woodland 

area. Subject to compliance with applicable provisions of this code, upon 

recommendation of the village ecologist/forester, the village will issue a tree 

removal permit, without charging a tree mitigation fee, if, based on the site 

inspection, one or more of the following permit conditions is satisfied: 

1.        The  tree  is  not  a  desirable  protected  tree  or  highly  desirable 

protected tree; 

2.        The tree is a desirable protected tree or highly desirable protected 

tree that was planted by the owner or predecessor to the owner who 

is  the  applicant  and  was  not  originally  planted  pursuant  to  an 

ecological cost share program or to satisfy an approved ecological 

mitigation plan; 

3.        The  tree  to  be  removed  is  located  within  the  footprint  of  a  new 

principal building to be located on a virgin lot that has never been 

improved with a single-family dwelling; 

4.        The tree must be removed because it is dead, dying or diseased; 

5.        The tree is weakened by disease, age, fire, storm or other natural 

causes such that it is likely to die or become diseased;  

6.        The tree constitutes a hazard to pedestrian or vehicular traffic; or 

7.        The tree constitutes a tree emergency. 

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F.        An owner or agent acting pursuant to a tree removal permit shall remove 

the  trees  identified  in  such  permit  in  accordance  with  the  terms  and 

conditions set forth in the tree removal permit. Tree removal permits will be 

issued initially for a period of ninety (90) days and may be extended by the 

village ecologist for good cause shown.  

           9-6-7:     TREE EMERGENCIES:      

A.       If a tree emergency shall occur, such that there arises a risk of imminent 

danger or hazard to persons or property from any tree which ought to be 

cut or removed immediately or with as little delay as possible (i.e., trees 

which threaten to fall or have fallen on houses or power lines or block safe 

passage  of  streets  or  have  become  uprooted  or  unstable  as  a  result  of 

severe weather, floods or high winds), then it shall be lawful for the owner 

to remove such tree, to the extent necessary to avoid immediate danger or 

hazard, without a tree removal permit; provided that within five (5) business 

days  after  taking  any  such  action,  the  owner  shall  complete  relevant 

portions   of   the   tree   removal   permit   application   describing   the   tree 

emergency and the actions taken. In order to expedite the removal of a tree 

causing a tree emergency, the owner may also take photos of the tree(s) in 

question and send to the village ecologist/forester who can then respond 

immediately to approve the tree(s) removal. 

B.       If the village ecologist/forester, upon the review of the tree removal permit 

application,  concurs  that  the  owner’s  actions  were  warranted,  no  further 

action  under  these  regulations  shall  be  necessary,  but  if  the  village 

ecologist/forester  determines  that  no  genuine  tree  emergency  existed  to 

justify the removal of the regulated tree(s), then such actions by the owner 

shall be deemed a violation of these regulations.  

9-6-8:             ELECTIVE OR UNPERMITTED TREE REMOVAL:      

A.       The village policy is to discourage the removal of native trees for frivolous 

reasons. A tree removal permit will be issued for removal of a native tree 

when made necessary by construction, additions or property improvements 

or repairs and an alternative site plan is not feasible. In such instances, the 

owner may obtain a tree removal permit for the removal of the native tree 

concurrently with the approval of the building permit and upon paying the 

applicable tree removal permit and mitigation fees and building permit fees. 

In instances when the native tree sought to be removed is located within 

any required yard on the owner’s parcel, the owner shall have a heightened 

burden of establishing that no reasonable methods of accomplishing the 

construction  or  repairs  are  available  that  could  avoid  the  removal  of  the 

native tree in the required yards. The removal of native trees in all instances 

DRAFT 12-28-2017 

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shall  be  limited  to  the  minimum  amount  necessary  for  the  proposed 

construction. 

B.       Except as provided below, tree mitigation fees are payable for the removal 

of  native  trees  pursuant  to  a  tree  removal  permit.  The  payment  of  tree 

mitigation fees for any elective removal shall be as set forth in the village 

fee schedule. The fees shall be at a rate assessed on each one inch (1”) in 

trunk diameter of removed native trees (measured by DBH) and may vary 

according to the species of the removed tree(s). If protected woodlands are 

located on the parcel that would benefit, in the determination of the village 

ecologist,  from  implementation  of  an  ecological  mitigation  plan,  then  the 

village  may  waive  or  reduce  the  payment  of  the  tree  mitigation  fee,  as 

described in Section 9-6-12 below. 

C.       An owner who damages or removes one or more regulated trees without a 

tree  removal  permit  is  required  to  apply  retroactively  for  a  tree  removal 

permit  and  shall  be  subject  to  the  penalty  provisions  of  this  chapter.  In 

addition, if the village ecologist finds it more likely than not that removal of 

any native tree was made without a tree removal permit, the owner shall 

also pay the tree mitigation fees indicated in the fee schedule for such native 

trees. If an owner claims that the removal of a regulated tree was not a 

native  tree  (and  for  which  a  tree  mitigation  fee  ordinarily  would  not  be 

charged), it shall be a rebuttable presumption that such removed tree was 

a native tree, with the burden on the owner to overcome such presumption. 

9-6-9:     ADOPTION OF WOODLAND DELINEATION PARCEL MAPS:  

A.       Except as provided in subsection B below, the woodland delineation parcel 

map for each parcel in the village is hereby adopted and accepted as a true 

and  correct  delineation  of  protected  woodland  for  the  parcel  to  which  it 

applies,  to  the  extent  and  within  the  area  documented  on  the  woodland 

delineation parcel map for such parcel.  

B.       Notwithstanding the area documented on the woodland delineation parcel 

maps, if an owner or such owner’s predecessor(s) shall have participated 

in an ecological cost share program and enlarged the native woodlands on 

such  owner’s  parcel  after  April  8,  2017,  the  areas  of  native  woodlands 

enlarged through the ecological cost share programs, although not shown 

on the woodland parcel map for the parcel, will nevertheless be documented 

as protected woodland and a notation by the village ecologist will be placed 

on the woodland delineation parcel map to indicate the adjusted boundary 

of the protected woodland, which shall thereafter be the protected woodland 

for such parcel for purposes of applying the limitations in section 9-6-10 of 

this chapter.  

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C.       The  village  clerk  is  directed  to  retain  an  official  copy  of  the  woodland 

delineation  parcel  map  for  each  parcel  in  the  village  with  all  notations 

thereon. 

             9-6-10:          LIMITATIONS ON REMOVAL OF PROTECTED WOODLAND:   

A.       With respect to any parcel in the village, it shall be unlawful for any person 

to cause or permit any removal of protected woodland on such parcel to 

such an extent as to result in a net, aggregate loss of more than 30% of 

such  parcel’s  protected  woodland. The foregoing  restriction  is  subject  to 

additional limitations set forth in this section 9-6-10.   

B.       With respect to any parcel in the village on which protected woodland exists, 

it  shall  be  unlawful  for  any  person  to  cause  or  permit  any  removal  of 

protected  woodland  on  such  parcel  to  such  an  extent  that  the  area  of 

surviving  protected  woodland  on  such  parcel  falls  below  the  applicable 

minimum percentage of lot area, based on the table below:  

Surviving Protected Woodland Minimum 

Parcel Size                  Minimum Area of Protected Woodland                 

0.1-1.0 acre                            Not less than 30% of lot area 

1.1-2.0 acres                           Not less than 40% of lot area 

2.1-3 acres                            Not less than 50% of lot area 

3.1-8+ acres                           Not less than 60% of lot area 

           The limitation on removal of protected woodland in this section 9-6-10-B 

does not require an owner to augment protected woodland to achieve the 

minimum  area  but  rather  restricts  the  removal  of  protected  woodland 

beyond that would result in a violation of the applicable minimum shown. 

This limitation is in addition to the limitation set forth in section 9-6-10-A, 

and, to the extent the restriction in section 9-6-10-B is more restrictive, then 

the more restrictive provisions of shall govern. 

C.       If  an  owner  or  such  owner’s  predecessor(s)  shall  have  taken  out  a  site 

development  or  building  permit  (between  February  1,  2015  and  April  7, 

2017) for which a woodland removal was completed, then the woodland 

area  removed  on  the approved plans  previously  submitted  to  the village 

shall be counted against the 30% woodland removal allowance in section 

9-6-10-A. 

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D.       For  purposes  of  allowing  the  reasonable  use  of  land  for  any  residential 

parcel that has not previously been developed in the village and for which 

a  reduction  of  protected  woodland  by  more  than  30%  is  necessary  to 

construct a new home, the village ecologist may waive the strict application 

of this section 9-6-10. 

E.       An owner shall be allowed to apply for a variance to remove up to 5% of 

protected  woodland  above  the  amount  otherwise  allowable  under  this 

section 9-6-10, upon a showing of a particular hardship that the regulations 

of this chapter may impose upon such owner because of special or peculiar 

characteristics of the owner’s property that make compliance with this title 

difficult or impossible. 

           9-6-11:          WOODLAND REMOVAL PERMIT REQUIRED:   

A.       No person shall cause or permit any removal of protected woodland on any 

parcel  in  the  village,  unless  the  the  person  has  obtained  a  woodland 

removal permit from the village. The purpose of this provision is to ensure 

that  the  removal  does  not  violate  the  allowable  reduction  in  protected 

woodland on such owner’s land. Removal of protected woodland harms the 

survival and regeneration of native woodland in the cleared area and may 

result in a violation of this chapter. Any owner who damages or removes 

any protected woodland on such owner's land without a woodland removal 

permit or in violation of a woodland removal permit shall be responsible for 

the damage or removal of such protected woodland, notwithstanding that 

the damage or removal was performed or caused by another person acting 

under  the  authority  of  such  owner.  Any  owner  who  performs  or  allows 

protected  woodland  removal  to  occur  on  such  owner’s  parcel  without  a 

woodland  removal  permit  shall  be  required  to  apply  retroactively  for  a 

woodland removal permit and shall be subject to the penalty provisions of 

this chapter. 

B.       If  an  owner  seeks  a  woodland  removal  permit,  the  application  for  such 

woodland removal permit shall contain: 

           1. Name and address of the owner; 

2. Commonly known address of the owner's property where the removal 

shall occur; 

3. A written statement indicating the reason for the removal; 

4. A description indicated on the woodland delineation map for such owner’s 

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parcel of all specific areas of protected woodland to be removed; 

5. A dimensioned drawing containing all or a portion of such details as may 

be specified or required for such plans under section 8-5-3 of this code, if 

requested by the village ecologist to allow full and fair consideration of the 

woodland removal permit application; 

6. In cases when a Site Development Permit is required, a site development 

plan   sheet   entitled   “Woodland/Tree   Protection   &   Landscaping   Plan” 

containing the village’s woodland delineation boundary and all or a portion 

of such details as may be specified or required for such plans under the 

Riverwoods    Development    Ordinance,    if    requested    by    the    village 

ecologist/forester  to  allow  full  and  fair  consideration  of  the  tree  removal 

permit application; and 

7. Such other data and information as the village shall deem necessary to 

allow full and fair consideration of the woodland removal permit application. 

C.       Upon receipt of the owner's application, the village ecologist shall visit and 

inspect the owner's property and contiguous and adjoining lots in order to 

evaluate  the  application.  Subject  to  compliance  with  other  applicable 

provisions of this code, the village ecologist shall approve the application 

and issue a woodland removal permit if, based on a site inspection, the 

removal  of  such protected  woodland  will  not  reduce  protected  woodland 

below  the  allowable  amount  under  Section  9-6-10.  If  the  removal  of 

protected  woodland  is  in  accord  with  this  chapter,  no  charge  shall  be 

assessed to the owner for the woodland removal permit.  

9-6-12:     ECOLOGICAL MITIGATION PLAN:   

A.       An  owner  who  receives  a  court  order  (or  decision  of  an  administration 

hearing  officer)  to  cure  a  violation  of  this  chapter  stemming  from  the 

unlawful removal of native trees and/or protected woodlands shall enter into 

an ecological mitigation plan with the village in addition to paying any fine 

set forth in the order or decision.  

B.       An owner may request to cure the unlawful removal of native trees and/or 

protected woodlands by voluntarily settling the violation with the village and 

entering  into  an  ecological  mitigation  plan  with  the  village,  provided  the 

owner shall pay a minimum fine of $1,000, as a condition of entering into 

the ecological mitigation plan. 

C.       An owner who applies for and receives all necessary permits and desiring 

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to  remove  native  trees  and  has  protected  woodlands  on  the  lot  has  the 

option  to  implement  an  ecological  mitigation  plan  rather  than  pay  a  tree 

mitigation fee, upon the recommendation of the village ecologist. Ecological 

mitigation plans will typically be implemented only in these cases where tree 

mitigation   fees   would   otherwise   exceed   $5,000.   The   decision   to 

conditionally waive such fees, in the case of an owner removing native trees 

pursuant to a tree removal permit, shall be based on the degree to which 

the  owner  undertakes  beneficial  ecological  restoration  on  such  owner’s 

parcel  and  completes  such  restoration  activities  in  compliance  with  the 

approved ecological mitigation plan. 

D.       The village may elect to collect the full amount of fees and/or fines due from 

an owner under this chapter, notwithstanding that such owner is approved 

and voluntarily enters into an ecological mitigation plan.  

E.       An ecological mitigation plan will be prepared by the village ecologist, based 

on   appropriate   and   recognized   procedures   employed   by   a   trained 

ecological restoration contractor to restore native woodlands in the village 

(such   as   the   specifications   developed   by   the   village   ecologist   for 

implementation of the ecological cost share programs but without the cost 

share).  Each  ecological  mitigation  plan  shall  specify  the  locations  of 

proposed restoration options, including but not necessarily limited to, native 

tree  and  shrub  planting,  canopy  and  subcanopy  tree  thinning,  native 

seeding, invasive shrub removal, garlic mustard removal, and/or prescribed 

burning. In preparing each ecological mitigation plan, the village ecologist 

will recommend the forms of ecological mitigation that are most feasible and 

beneficial to the native woodland on the owner’s parcel.  

F.        Each  ecological  mitigation  plan  shall  establish  timelines.  For  ecological 

mitigation of removed native trees shall be six (6) months of the date of 

approval  of  the  ecological  mitigation  plan.  An  extension  of  time  may  be 

granted by the village ecologist upon request, provided, however that no 

such extension shall exceed twelve (12) months from the original date of 

issuance  of  the  permit.  A  timeline  for  ecological  mitigation  of  native 

woodlands shall be as set forth in the approved ecological mitigation plan, 

but it is not uncommon for such plans to require commitments of three (3) 

or more years of management/stewardship before measurable restoration 

performance of woodlands can be confirmed.  

G.       In each ecological mitigation plan, the owner shall agree to reimburse the 

village  for  its  reasonable  fees  and  expenses,  including  consultants’  and 

attorneys’  fee  to  the  extent  permitted  by  law,  in  preparing,  negotiating, 

inspecting and enforcing the ecological mitigation plan, and shall agree that 

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the village will be entitled to record a lien against such owner’s parcel for 

recovery of any such unpaid fees and expenses. Each ecological mitigation 

plan may incorporate standard fees and rates from time to time set forth in 

the village fee schedule.  

9-6-13:     APPEALS:  An owner may appeal in writing to the village board of any 

decision made by the village ecologist/forester under the provisions of this chapter within 

thirty (30) days of such decision being rendered. No such appeal shall stay any court 

proceedings,  including  any  administrative  adjudication,  in  furtherance  of  the  decision 

appealed  from  and  all  duties  imposed  thereby.  The  board  of  trustees  shall  select  a 

reasonable time and place for a public hearing on the appeal, shall give due notice thereof 

to the parties having a known interest therein and shall render a written decision without 

unreasonable delay. Upon the concurring vote of a majority of its members then holding 

office, the board of trustees may reverse or affirm, in whole or in part, or may modify, the 

decision from which the appeal was taken, and to that end the board shall have all the 

powers of the village officials or agents charged with making the decision appealed from. 

9-6-14:     PENALTY:   

A.       Whoever violates any of the provisions of this chapter shall be punished by 

a fine of up to $1,000 for each such violation. 

B.       in case of unlawful removal of regulated trees without a tree removal permit 

or in violation of the terms of such permit, a separate and distinct violation 

shall be deemed to have occurred for each regulated tree unlawfully removed 

in  violation  of  this  chapter,  and  a  separate  and  distinct  violation  shall  be 

deemed to have occurred for each day that such violations exist. 

C.       in  case  of  unlawful  removal  of  protected  woodland  without  a  woodland 

removal permit or in violation of the terms of such permit, a separate and 

distinct violation shall be deemed to have occurred for each day that such 

protected woodland is unlawfully removed and/or not restored in violation of 

this chapter, and a separate and distinct violation shall be deemed to have 

occurred for each day that such violations exist.   

D.       In addition to any fine permitted or required to be imposed hereunder, the 

village may seek injunctive relief to prevent an actual or threatened violation 

of this chapter, and may also seek mandatory injunctive relief to require the 

owner of the lot in question to bring such lot into compliance with this chapter 

by preparing and implementing an ecological mitigation plan, the corporate 

authorities finding that the village and the health, safety and welfare of its 

residents will be irreparably harmed by the failure to observe the regulations 

in  this  chapter,  and  that  the  imposition  of  a  fine  alone  is  an  inadequate 

remedy  for  such  violations.  The  village  may  prosecute  violations  of  this 

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chapter  filing  a  case  directly  in  the  appropriate  court  or  by  referring  the 

offense to the administrative adjudication system for hearing and resolution 

in accordance with this code.    

9-6-15:     CONFLICT WITH OTHER ZONING PROVISIONS: Where a conflict 

results between the regulations of this chapter and the provisions of the zoning 

districts in which any lot is located, the regulations of this chapter shall control. 

                                            *         *         * 

           SECTION THREE:  Ordinance   Nos.   06-3-7,   04-9-9   and   12-1-1   are   hereby 

repealed and all other ordinances or parts of ordinances in conflict herewith are hereby 

repealed.  Chapter 5  of Title 5  of  the  Riverwoods  Village  Code  shall  be  replaced  with 

“Reserved” and all provisions removed therefrom.  

           SECTION  FOUR:  Every  section  and  provision  of  this  Ordinance  shall  be 

separable, and the invalidity of any portion of this Ordinance shall not affect the validity 

of any other portion of this Ordinance. 

SECTION FIVE:  This Ordinance shall be in full force and effect from and after its 

passage, approval and publication in the manner provided by law. 

AYES: 

NAYS: 

PASSED & APPROVED this __day of _________ 2018. 

_________________________ 

Village President 

Attest: 

__________________ 

Village Clerk